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																	#overlay div { width:300px; margin: 100px auto; background-color: #fff; border:1px solid #000; padding:15px; text-align:center; }
																

																		function overlay() { el = document.getElementById("overlay"); el.style.visibility = (el.style.visibility == "visible") ? "hidden" : "visible"; }
																	

																		
																			Click here to show the overlay
																		
																	

																		Click here to [
																		
																			close
																		
																		]
																	

. In Photoshop I create a simple checkerboard pattern .png with transparency. This creates a shaded effect so the user can still see the underlying web page but know not to click on it. To add the background to the layer, add the following to our CSS.

																			#overlay { visibility: hidden; position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 0px; width:100%; height:100%; text-align:center; z-index: 1000;
																			
																				background-image:url(background-trans.png);
																			
																			}
																		

And finally, (as always) we need to add a small tweak so that this works in Internet Explorer. Fortunately, it’s quick fix. Add this to your CSS.

																			body { height:100%; margin:0; padding:0; }
																		

In order for an element to have a percentage height applied to it (which #overlay does), IE requires the parent element to have a height. So, just set body’s height to 100% and zero the margins and we’re all set!

Update:

Reader Henrik Binggl commented that this technique doesn’t work on form elements in IE6. I did some digging and found an article on MSDN that explains the problem, which, as it turns out, only applies to elements — not all form elements. In short, they are rendered as a seperate window by IE which floats above all other page content regardless of their z-index. There is a workaround, but it’s complicated and messy. The Microsoft page recommends waiting as the problem has been fixed in IE7.

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70 Responses to “Create a Modal Dialog Using CSS and Javascript”

1. 

   Petr Stribny March 30, 2006

   Nice, thanks.

   March 30, 2006 at 12:57 am
2. 

   Henrik Binggl April 4, 2006

   perfect … but:
   just perfect look in firefox. but a problem with ie6. i have a number of select fields. they are somewhere above the overlay (z-index)?
   any solution?

   April 4, 2006 at 3:01 pm
3. 

   goetsu April 6, 2006

   Sorry but with keyboard navigation all link are useable

   April 6, 2006 at 1:59 am
4. 

   Tyler Hall April 6, 2006

   You’re right about being able to navigate to the other links via the keyboard, but I don’t know of any easy way around this. Off the top of my head, the only solution I can think of would be some javascript that attaches an onfocus event to all links not contained inside the modal div layer. When onfocus is fired, if the div layer is visible, restore focus to the modal area.

   Anyone want to write this? 🙂

   April 6, 2006 at 9:26 am
5. 

   Todd Huss April 12, 2006

   I’ve taken the submodal code and enhanced it a bit here as an alternate solution:

   http://gabrito.com/files/subModal/

   April 12, 2006 at 2:15 pm
6. 

   wishcow November 30, 2006

   Very nice, although I have a strange problem in FF1.5. If I put a form inside the modal div, I can’t see the blinking cursor when I click an input control or a textarea. Have any idea why this happens?

   November 30, 2006 at 9:58 am
7. 

   wishcow December 1, 2006

   The missing blinking cursor seems to be a bug in FF, if a div with CSS attribute overflow:auto exists in the background.

   December 1, 2006 at 8:23 am
8. 

   wishcow December 1, 2006

   setting overflow:auto to the inner div of the overlay div solves this problem in most situations.

   December 1, 2006 at 9:10 am
9. 

   oizys December 25, 2006

   a workaround to disable the under-layer stuff (buttons, links, etc): put the background layer and the popup layer in two separate divs and finally include them in a third. add a background color to the background layer with opacity filter (this disables all the stuff under), add a background color to the popup (this way it will be able to be 100% opaque, since it is not nested in the background and thus will not be transparent also). finally the toggle needs to be triggered on both layers at the same time, that is why you need to put both in a third container.

   and here it goes in code (i use a different positioning method, so do not be fooled by that. i use this one coz it positions to the center vertically too):

   CSS –>
   .poptogg {
   visibility:hidden;
   }
   .popback {
   position:absolute;
   left:0px;
   top:0px;
   width:100%;
   height:100%;
   background:#000000;
   filter:alpha(opacity=60);
   opacity:.60;
   }
   .popstyle {
   position:absolute;
   left:50%;
   top:50%;
   margin-top:-100px;
   margin-left:-100px;
   width:200px;
   height:200px;
   background:#000000;
   }

   HTML –>

    

   Wahtever text.
   close window

   JAVASCRIPT –> the same as above

   December 25, 2006 at 10:36 am
   • 

     scientista March 4, 2013

     Do you have to change the methods to poptogg?

     March 4, 2013 at 1:32 pm
10. 

    wishcow December 27, 2006

    Okay, I know this is far fetched, but I came upon the following problem in firefox 1.5:

    I implemented the modal dialog described above and i had it defined over a div with overflow:auto. When the dialog is not being shown, the rendering of the div below gets funked up. Each time, parts of the div are being shifted either vertically or horizontally.

    If you come up against this problem, a solution for this is to change the property hiding the dialog to display:none instead of visibility:hidden.

    Also in the function change to:

    el.style.display= (el.style.display == “block”) ? “none” : “block”;

    December 27, 2006 at 11:09 am
11. 

    Pavel Kaplin February 9, 2007

    Your code doesn’t work with scrolling. Try to resize window until scrollbars appears. Then call your dialog and try to scroll…

    February 9, 2007 at 10:47 am
    • 

      Saeed Sobhani February 12, 2013

      Your problem would be solved with this code:
      function overlay() {
      var el = document.getElementById(“overlay”);
      el.style.visibility = (el.style.visibility == “visible”) ? “hidden” : “visible”;
      $(‘#overlay’).css(‘position’, ‘fixed’);
      }

      February 12, 2013 at 8:45 am
12. 

    Petey February 13, 2007

    Can someone tell me how you create the overlay.gif. I’ve been having problems creating an opaque gif.

    February 13, 2007 at 3:46 pm
13. 

    Neal February 27, 2007

    Couple Newbie questions…

    I put the #overlay{} and #overlay div {} in between style tags and this works. If I put this in a StyleSheet.css (using Visual Studio 2005) it doesn’t.

    Also, I have not been successful getting the background-image:url(overlay.gif) to work. I have created one and put it into a project folder called Images.

    TIA.

    February 27, 2007 at 12:23 pm
14. 

    Raju March 14, 2007

    Nice article. This works fine but I have some additional features to be added to this. I need a movable dialog. Can anyone suggest me how to make this modal dialog movable?

    March 14, 2007 at 3:03 am
15. 

    wishcow March 18, 2007

    @Pavel: Indeed there is a problem with scrolling, however, I fixed it by creating a div for the lower layer inside the body of the html (not containing the overlay div).

    #the-body {
    height: 100%;
    width: 100%;
    overflow:auto;
    margin:0;
    padding:0;
    }

    In this div you put your actual body, and leave the overlay stuff outside.

    March 18, 2007 at 8:59 am
16. 

    wishcow March 18, 2007

    @Raju: You should probably go see Yahoo User Interface http://developer.yahoo.com/yui/ they have examples movable dialogs. You can also use http://script.aculo.us drag & drop. It should be almost 0 work to implement.

    March 18, 2007 at 9:02 am
17. 

    Rizwan Liaquat April 3, 2007

    This is simply not the way to create modal dialog boxes. This code as lots of problems in scrolling & in disabling the background content

    April 3, 2007 at 1:30 am
18. 

    Vandana April 10, 2007

    Can someone help me.. why blinking cursor is not visible on text field over a frame. This Problem is coming in firefox.. Plzzzzz suggest what to do..??

    April 10, 2007 at 2:21 am
19. 

    Joe December 3, 2007

    FYI, for those of you have problems with your dropdown boxes showing through; put a div around all of your controls(say we call it “mainDiv”. Then, in the javascript where you show the modal(“overlay”) div, you can use the CSS display option to hide all of those controls, including the dropdowns.

    ie:

    document.getElementByID(“overlay”).style.visibility = “visible”;
    document.getElementById(“mainDiv”).style.display = “none”;

    This works in IE6 to hide all of your controls, which makes the dialog less confusing.

    December 3, 2007 at 3:30 pm
20. 

    Sachin January 16, 2008

    the links given in this article don’t work..:(((
    Tried to open the sample page and even the gif but it doesn’t go thr. Is this site not working nowadays….

    January 16, 2008 at 3:51 pm
21. 

    Livingstone January 24, 2008

    broken link for demo

    January 24, 2008 at 5:49 am
22. 

    stark March 22, 2008

    I have written something very similar to this, and I came across this looking for a fix to this bug I have and it seems you have the same issue as me. If you resize the browser window up far enough to where a scroll bar pops and you scroll down, the transparency div cuts off. It isn’t too big of a deal.. Just annoying. Please let me know if you find a fix for this.

    March 22, 2008 at 4:13 am
23. 

    stark March 26, 2008

    I don’t know why my post got deleted but I have discovered a workaround to a bug you are having when resizing the page small enough to where a scroll bar shows, and you scroll down, the transparency is cut off. For IE dynamically change the body overflow to hidden and then back to auto when closing the overlay. Works the same in FF except the scrollbar disappear, the overlay just sits over it. To fix that, make a div around the contents of the body with width and height 100% and change that overflow dynamically as well.

    March 26, 2008 at 3:21 pm
24. 

    Roger March 26, 2008

    Another weird problem. My modal dialog box appears, but only for a split second, then its goes away. Can’t figure out why it just flashes up there for only a second. Any ideas? Thx

    March 26, 2008 at 3:58 pm
25. 

    Rory Slegtenhorst April 29, 2008

    Nice work,

    The demo works flawlessly… but when I implement it, the background image isn’t shown?

    What am I doing wrong?

    Rory

    April 29, 2008 at 6:21 am
26. 

    PaW May 1, 2008

    #27: I was messing around with the code and did something that caused the dialog box/modal window to flash by real quick. Sorry, don’t recall what it was I had done to cause that!

    #26: I solved this transparency problem by setting #overlay’s height to 500% (you can use whatever arbitrary value to cover the length of your page).

    #5: The subModal code is wonderful (and thank you for your contribution to it) but it’s really complicated and I can’t figure it out; nothing a relative n00b can hack, unlike this code. Moreover, subModal causes horizontal scrollbars to appear in Firefox 2! There’s a solution that’s been very (very) briefly mentioned in the subModal newsgroup of Google Groups but, like I said, the subModal code is way too complicated for n00b hacks like me to figure out how to customize, much less fix! =(

    Everybody: Do you have problems with this present sitening.com modal window code in MSIE 7, where loading time is concerned?? For some reason, IE7 takes 100% CPU capacity to load the background .png!! Resizing the browser window also takes almost half a second to render!!!

    May 1, 2008 at 5:18 pm
27. 

    PaW May 3, 2008

    Correction to #29 above:

    Resizing browser window can take almost half a *minute* in MSIE7, though I have 1GB of system RAM (and 128MB of dedicated video RAM) running only WinXP SP2 with a P1.6GHz Pentium Mobile. For some reason, loading the .png in MSIE7 is not instantaneous.

    Also, as for the suggestion to the transparency/opacity “cut-off” problem, setting #overlay’s height to a higher value, it will create “dead space” to the end of the webpage…the transparency .png will be stretched, but along with it your webpage, creating unnecessary space — unless you calculate the exact percentage needed to cover the particular webpage but not go over it (and thus creating that dead empty space)….

    May 3, 2008 at 8:40 am
28. 

    ajclifford May 20, 2008

    This worked great for me. I hadn’t played with overlay’s before now and this was a great introduction. Thanks very much for your nice easy code to follow.

    May 20, 2008 at 6:17 pm
29. 

    ajclifford May 20, 2008

    Hmm, like PaW, I too am having IE7 completely lock up with 50%+ CPU usage, if you wait it will eventually load, until you click something again of course. Any ideas?

    May 20, 2008 at 8:28 pm
30. 

    ajclifford May 27, 2008

    It turned out that it was the very small background image causing the problem as it was being redrawn on the x and y axis. If you replace this tiny image with a bigger one, say 100×100 in size this remove the performance hitch in IE7. Hope this helps others, thanks.

    May 27, 2008 at 7:45 pm
31. 

    Afzal June 22, 2008

    Cool. Excellent help.

    June 22, 2008 at 8:00 pm
32. 

    entertainment June 27, 2008

    How can i set the position of the div right of the mouse cursor? Namely i want to click some buttons/images and the new dialog/form appears right there.
    Thanks

    June 27, 2008 at 8:54 am
33. 

    Airmax July 19, 2008

    First of all, thank you very much for this code is very usefull.

    And I would like to add something… I would like to disable scrollbars when the “modal” div is actived, adding four lines at the end of the overlay function:

    Is the same as says wishcow, but is not necessary to add “the-body” layer.

    function overlay() {
    el = document.getElementById(“overlay”);
    el.style.visibility = (el.style.visibility == “visible”) ? “hidden” : “visible”;

    if (el.style.visibility == “visible”)
    document.body.style.overflow = “hidden”;
    else
    document.body.style.overflow = “auto”;
    }

    Regards and Thanks

    July 19, 2008 at 6:40 am
34. 

    Priyanka July 23, 2008

    Hi!

    I have implemented something similar to your modal dialog. The problem I am facing is that when I click on one of the buttons another modal dialog is displayed. The buttons on the first dialog can still be accessed. I was wondering if there was a way to disable (make it look like its a part of the background) the first dialog when the second one comes up?

    July 23, 2008 at 3:00 am
35. 

    Gopinath August 4, 2008

    Hi ..

    I have tried this and it works fine for me.Its a simple overlay function just to display its functionality how it works rather than other cons and people should notice this.

    Thanks a lot.

    August 4, 2008 at 6:55 am
36. 

    David November 21, 2009

    I have been tweaking the overlay and now I’m trying to make it fade in and out. Has anyone done this or is willing to share how to approach this?

    Its very clean and simple but I do really miss a transition fade 🙂

    November 21, 2009 at 9:04 pm
37. 

    Andi December 29, 2009

    I know it’s years after the fact, but in your overlay function, you need to declare the variable like this:
    var el = document.getElementById(“overlay”);
    instead of just:
    el = document.getElementById(“overlay”);

    I was copying your code to do a quick overlay, and it didn’t work in IE8 until I fixed that line. Thanks for saving me a lot of effort though!

    December 29, 2009 at 4:49 pm
38. 

    Pavan Putra January 25, 2010

    This Code is not working IN IE8, links on the page are accessible.

    January 25, 2010 at 7:20 am
39. 

    N-Rico February 8, 2010

    Hi,

    this is quite an old post, but I found a solution to control the tab behaviour of the links. I tried this in IE6 and 8 and Firefox, but this requires, that you avoid using the attribute “tabindex” at your page.

    First, you need to set the attribute tabindex to all links inside the dialog. You can use numbers twice. The following JavaScript will disable focussing all links without a tab index and sets the focus to the lowest element.

    var l = document.links.length;
    var f = window.undefined;
    for(var i=0; i e = document.links[i];
    if (e.tabIndex == 0) {
    e.onfocus = function() {
    document.links[f].focus();
    }
    } else if (!f && e.tabIndex == 1) {
    f = i;
    }
    }
    if (f == window.undefined) {
    f = 0;
    }

    Please note, this is quite simple. I hardcoded the "1" to avoid 2 loops over all links. You can also use a loop before my code to set "tabindex" via script to all links inside the dialog. For that, use

    document.getElementById("overlay").getElementsByTagName("a");

    Have fun! 🙂

    February 8, 2010 at 8:47 am
40. 

    Bubbba October 14, 2012

    Thanks this is great stuff

    October 14, 2012 at 1:02 pm
41. 

    Stu November 9, 2012

    thanks for this.

    November 9, 2012 at 8:12 am
42. 

    Stu November 9, 2012

    thanks for this.

    November 9, 2012 at 2:12 pm
43. 

    Hallion91 November 22, 2012

    E-X-C-E-L-E-N-T

    Very good job ! Thanks for the function-natured overlay, I had headaches trying to make my overlay work in nested calls and there I find this : a function !!

    November 22, 2012 at 3:07 pm
44. 

    Maximiliano November 28, 2012

    Man,

    Usually, the most people use JQuery, me too, but, the page that I was working, it was very complicated, too bad code and bad css, so JQuery wasn’t functional properly, so, your tips help me a lot to to may own modal windowl!!!! Thanks!

    November 28, 2012 at 6:55 am
45. 

    Fabian Lopez December 9, 2012

    thanks so much it was just what i was looking for

    December 9, 2012 at 4:17 pm
46. 

    An appreciating user December 10, 2012

    Thank you. Great and useful. Only a working sample for take away will be much appreciated! 🙂

    December 10, 2012 at 6:50 am
47. 

    DJ Webster January 10, 2013

    Hi there,

    I want to do the same but in a manner where by its load automatically when a user lands on a homepage, how would i render this ?

    January 10, 2013 at 6:48 am
    • 

      John March 13, 2013

      Hey there,

      You probably figured this out already, but for others you just need to use the following in your body tag –

      onload="overlay();"

      March 13, 2013 at 1:14 am
48. 

    VJ January 22, 2013

    Good explanation thanks 🙂

    January 22, 2013 at 10:23 am
49. 

    VJ January 22, 2013

    Good explanation thanks 🙂

    January 22, 2013 at 4:23 pm
50. 

    Ajay - TechSoul February 13, 2013

    it doesn’t work on Chrome.

    February 13, 2013 at 12:27 am
51. 

    Ajay - TechSoul February 13, 2013

    Sorry ! it was the setting problem in Chrome, if you also got like this Problem then goto Chrome Controls > Tools > Encoding > and select the Top “Unicode (UTF-8)”.

    February 13, 2013 at 12:33 am
52. 

    Ajay - TechSoul February 13, 2013

    Sorry ! it was the setting problem in Chrome, if you also got like this Problem then goto Chrome Controls > Tools > Encoding > and select the Top “Unicode (UTF-8)”.

    February 13, 2013 at 5:33 am
53. 

    simon February 24, 2013

    cool script. thanks am using it right now.

    February 24, 2013 at 10:15 am
54. 

    simon February 24, 2013

    cool script. thanks am using it right now.

    February 24, 2013 at 3:15 pm
55. 

    scientista March 4, 2013

    my background is coming out transparent, even when I don’t use an image. Is there a way to fix this? I want the background to be transparent but the inner div to be solid. I’ve been scanning discussions, and it seems that this isn’t possible unless you use a separate div (couldn’t get that to work for some reason). I tried using a .png file with transparency for just the outer background, but for some reason the .png image transparancy is carrying on to the inner div. Help would be much appreciated!

    March 4, 2013 at 1:36 pm
56. 

    RedDevil April 17, 2013

    Works Like a charm , and its a great technique derived from the basics of javascript, really appreciate it.

    April 17, 2013 at 12:54 pm
57. 

    Richard Torres May 19, 2013

    Simple and elegant instruction. Thanks so much!

    May 19, 2013 at 2:01 pm
58. 

    Richard Torres May 19, 2013

    Simple and elegant instruction. Thanks so much!

    May 19, 2013 at 7:01 pm
59. 

    manderelee August 7, 2013

    Thanks a lot! This works like a charm. =D

    August 7, 2013 at 7:20 pm
60. 

    manderelee August 8, 2013

    Thanks a lot! This works like a charm. =D

    August 8, 2013 at 12:20 am
61. 

    Dima Taras August 12, 2013

    imo #overlay should have position fixed, so if your button is at bottom the modal will up not at the very top

    August 12, 2013 at 9:29 am
62. 

    Dima Taras August 12, 2013

    imo #overlay should have position fixed, so if your button is at bottom the modal will up not at the very top

    August 12, 2013 at 2:29 pm
63. 

    F Santoke September 11, 2013

    This is great for alerts and images. Exactly what I was looking for.
    Is there any way to use this to display a child page (like email.htm). I can have it within div on the same page, but would prefer another page. Is it possible??

    September 11, 2013 at 9:25 am
64. 

    F Santoke September 11, 2013

    This is great for alerts and images. Exactly what I was looking for.
    Is there any way to use this to display a child page (like email.htm). I can have it within div on the same page, but would prefer another page. Is it possible??

    September 11, 2013 at 2:25 pm
65. 

    Landon Sanders September 28, 2013

    Wow!

    September 28, 2013 at 10:40 pm
66. 

    pinkspider November 25, 2013

    I have several links on a page. I need a different dialog for each link, how would I do this?

    November 25, 2013 at 9:58 am
67. 

    pinkspider November 25, 2013

    I have several links on a page. I need a different dialog for each link, how would I do this?

    November 25, 2013 at 3:58 pm

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